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利用VRRP功能实现简单的路由器备份 |
有时候为了保证我们网络的稳定性和可靠性,可能会申请两条出口链路,使用两个路由器。在其中的一个路由器无法正常工作时,由另外一个路由器来接管相应的工作。实现的原理是利用RFC2338中描述的VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)协议。实现的工具是keepalived。
实验名称:利用VRRP功能实现简单的路由器备份 操作系统:RedHat 7.3 所使用的内核:linux-2.4.24 实验用到的模块: keepalived-1.16.tar.gz(如果对VRRP和Keepalived不太了解,先看看这里) 网络结构如下图所示:图中的V-Gate就是VRRP中的VIP。 [attach]57710[/attach] 网络中有两个Linux Router: (1), Master(eth0:192.168.1.10/24接外网; eth1:192.168.3.1/24接内网) (2), Backup(eth0:192.168.2.10/24接外网; eth1:192.168.3.2/24接内网) 内网的IP地址段为192.168.3.0/24,网关(V-Gate)为192.168.3.3/24,记住192.168.3.3/24这个地址是在Keepalived启动时生效的。 首先我们在Linux Router Master上安装keepalived-1.1.6.tar.gz (1),下载keepalived-1.1.6.tar.gz (http://www.keepalived.org) (2),解压缩: #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.6.tar.gz (3)编译keepalived #cd keepalived-1.1.6 #./configure –prefix=/usr/local/keepalived #make (4)安装keepalived #make install (5)配置Linux Router Master的VRRP, #vi /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 内容如下: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth1 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.3.3 } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在Linux Router Backup上安装keepalived的方法是相同的,不同的是配置文件/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf,如下: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth1 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.3.3 } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在启动Master上的keepalived之前,我们先看一下Master上eth1的情况: -------------------------------------------------------------- # ip add show eth1 8: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:e0:4c:3a:d7:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.1/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::2e0:4cff:fe3a:d725/64 scope link -------------------------------------------------------------- 我们看到只有一个IP地址:192.168.3.1/24,现在我们启动Master上的keepalived #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D –f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 现在我们再看一下Master上eth1的情况: -------------------------------------------------------------- # ip add show eth1 8: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:e0:4c:3a:d7:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.1/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth1 inet 192.168.3.3/32 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::2e0:4cff:fe3a:d725/64 scope link --------------------------------------------------------------- 我们看到有两个IP地址,其中一个就是V-Gate:192.168.3.3/32 用同样的方法启动Backup上的keepalived #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D –f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 这样,当Master失效时,Backup就会通过MultiCast地址:224.0.0.18这个组播地址,获得这个消息,并将192.168.3.3这个地址接管过来。 总结,请你注意一下我们这个实验的题目“利用Keepalived的VRRP功能实现简单的路由器备份”,而不是路由备份。我们这个实验的目的,是让大家熟悉VRRP协议和如何利用Keepalived实现VRRP协议。 文章作者:未知 |